Stretching Exercise in Piriformis Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence (2023–2026)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59994/ajamts.2026.1.27Keywords:
Conservative Management, Muscle Flexibility, Piriformis Syndrome, Sciatic Nerve Entrapment, Stretching ExerciseAbstract
Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a potential cause of extra pelvic sciatic nerve entrapment and is commonly associated with gluteal pain that may radiate into the lower extremity. This comprehensive review synthesizes literature presented as published between 2023 and 2026 on the physiological mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and practical protocols of stretching exercises for PS. The reviewed material indicates that stretching may improve pain, functional capacity, flexibility, and quality of life by modifying muscle extensibility, reducing excessive muscle tone, and supporting neuromuscular re-education. Commonly described approaches include supine figure-four, seated, standing gluteal, and prone piriformis stretches, generally performed for 30–60 seconds over several repetitions. Reported clinical findings favor structured stretching, although protocols and study designs vary and the strength of the evidence requires careful appraisal. Stretching should be individualized, progressed gradually, and performed without provoking sharp or radiating pain. Combining stretching with ergonomic changes, strengthening, and postural education may be appropriate for selected patients. Further well-designed trials are needed to establish optimal dosage, compare techniques, and verify the reported effect sizes and long-term outcomes.
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